Aim: What is Industrialization?

Do Now: Describe the social classes in Britain.

Notes: Industrialization

1. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain with New Ways of Working
   • Industrial Revolution—greatly increases output of machine-made goods
   • Revolution begins in England in the middle 1700s
2. The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way
   • Enclosures—large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges
   • Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by village farmers
   • Enclosures allow experimentation with new agricultural methods
   • Crop rotation—switching crops each year to avoid depleting the soil
   • Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed, improve food supply
3. Why did the Industrial Revolution Began in England ?
   • Industrialization—move to machine production of goods
   • Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors
   • Expanding economy in Britain encourages investment
   • Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital
4. Inventions Spur Industrialization -Changes in the Textile Industry
   • Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies
   • Water frame uses water power to drive spinning wheels
   • Power loom, spinning mule speed up production, improve quality
   • Factories—buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing
   • Cotton gin boosts American cotton production to meet British demand
5. Improvements in Transportation -Watt’s Steam Engine
   • Need for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine
   • James Watt improves steam engine, financed by Matthew Boulton
   • Robert Fulton builds first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807
   • England’s water transport improved by system of canals
   • British roads are improved; companies operate them as toll roads
   • In 1804, Richard Trevithick builds first steam-driven locomotive
   • In 1825, George Stephenson builds world’s first railroad line
   • Entrepreneurs build railroad from Liverpool to Manchester
6. Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain
   • Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs
   • Cheaper transportation boosts many industries; people move to cities
7. Worldwide effects of Industrialization
   1. European and American investment in much of world
   2. massive immigration to Americas
   3. international development thanks to foreign investment
8. Social change as result of industrialization
   1. Working Class Life
   a. Radical change from Old Regime
   b. Urbanization
   c. The job
   · Very poor working conditions
   · Women large part of workforce (cheap labor)
   · Child labor also very common
   · The all-powerful overseer
   d. The Home
   · Urbanization of English society
   * Haphazard city planning
   * Tenements
   * Poor diet
   * Very short life expectancy