Answer questions on page 796
4, 5,6
AIM: How did the Mongols create a great land empire?
14 years ago
Monday, December 21, 2009
Friday, December 18, 2009
Thursday, December 17, 2009
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Aim: How did Nationalism and Industrialization lead to WWI?
Do Now: What are the M.A.I.N reasons for WWI?
1. M
2. A
3. I
4. n
1. M
2. A
3. I
4. n
Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Monday, December 7, 2009
Aim: What was U.S. Economic Imperialism?
South America
American Protection or Interference?
Amid the various Latin American independence movements in the early 1800s, the United States issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. This stated that any attempt by a European power to reassert control over a rebellious colony in South America would be viewed as a threat to the United States which had only recently won its independence from Great Britain. While the U.S. did not have the military prowess necessary to repel Spain or Portugal in 1823, Great Britain was only too pleased to lend its support in order to gain access to the lucrative South American markets that it had been denied under mercantilism.
While the Monroe Doctrine may have seemed to protect the young nations being created in South America in the 1800s, it also set a precedent for U.S. interference in the region.
Spanish-American War
After winning the Spanish-American War in 1898, the U.S. gained control of Spanish colonial possessions in Asia and South America. While Cuba and Puerto Rico were soon given a measure of autonomy, the U.S. still reserved the right to intervene in their affairs when it best suited the national interests of the United States.
Roosevelt Corollary
As President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt issued an extension to the Monroe Doctrine that essentially stated that only the U.S. would be allowed to intervene in South America. With European nations trying to collect on bad debts in South American nations, the U.S. actually took over trade in areas in order to provide prompt payment to their creditors.
Panama Canal
A canal corridor between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean served the national interests of the United States. The U.S. went so far as to provide aid to the rebelling province of Panama in its bid for independence from Colombia. In exchange, the U.S. was able to dig, maintain, and control access through the canal until 1999 when its lease expired, requiring its return to the Panama government
American Protection or Interference?
Amid the various Latin American independence movements in the early 1800s, the United States issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. This stated that any attempt by a European power to reassert control over a rebellious colony in South America would be viewed as a threat to the United States which had only recently won its independence from Great Britain. While the U.S. did not have the military prowess necessary to repel Spain or Portugal in 1823, Great Britain was only too pleased to lend its support in order to gain access to the lucrative South American markets that it had been denied under mercantilism.
While the Monroe Doctrine may have seemed to protect the young nations being created in South America in the 1800s, it also set a precedent for U.S. interference in the region.
Spanish-American War
After winning the Spanish-American War in 1898, the U.S. gained control of Spanish colonial possessions in Asia and South America. While Cuba and Puerto Rico were soon given a measure of autonomy, the U.S. still reserved the right to intervene in their affairs when it best suited the national interests of the United States.
Roosevelt Corollary
As President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt issued an extension to the Monroe Doctrine that essentially stated that only the U.S. would be allowed to intervene in South America. With European nations trying to collect on bad debts in South American nations, the U.S. actually took over trade in areas in order to provide prompt payment to their creditors.
Panama Canal
A canal corridor between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean served the national interests of the United States. The U.S. went so far as to provide aid to the rebelling province of Panama in its bid for independence from Colombia. In exchange, the U.S. was able to dig, maintain, and control access through the canal until 1999 when its lease expired, requiring its return to the Panama government
Friday, December 4, 2009
Aim: What was the Mexican War?
Notes:
Mexican War (1846-1848)
United States Versus Mexico over Texas
Territorial Expansion
Territory- land, or an area of land
Expansion-process of enlargement: the process of increasing, or increasing something, in size, extent, scope, or number
Texas
In 1835 residents of Texas started a war to gain their independence from Mexico. One of the war’s most famous battles occurred at The Alamo, a simple chapel that formed part of a Spanish mission. A group of 187 Texan rebels retreated to The Alamo on February 23, 1836. The Mexicans laid siege to the chapel for 12 days, until March 6, when The Alamo finally fell.
Battle of The Alamo
In February 1836, 187 Texans under the command of Colonel William Barrett Travis held off 4000 Mexican troops led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna at a former Spanish mission called The Alamo. The adobe structure served as a fortress for the Texans, who were fighting to gain their independence from Mexico. The Mexican artillery eventually succeeded in punching a hole in The Alamo’s thick walls on March 6. In the savage hand-to-hand fighting that followed, all the Texans, including Davy Crockett and James Bowie, were killed.
Mexican War
A war between the United States and Mexico, lasting from 1846 to 1848. The war resulted in a U.S. victory and forced Mexico to give up all claims to half its national territory. Mexico had already lost control of its northeastern territory as a result of the Texas Revolution (1835-1836). This land, combined with the territory Mexico ceded at the end of the war, would form the future U.S. states of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah, as well as portions of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming.
What did this war do to Mexico?
Lost Land
Lost Soldiers
Lost Money on the war
Was shown to be weaker than the United States
What did this do to Mexico?
Mexico’s territorial losses signified the end of any likelihood that Mexico, rather than the United States, would become the predominant power in North America. As the first conflict in which U.S. military forces fought almost exclusively outside of the country, the Mexican War also marked the beginning of the rise of the United States as a global military power.
Mexican War (1846-1848)
United States Versus Mexico over Texas
Territorial Expansion
Territory- land, or an area of land
Expansion-process of enlargement: the process of increasing, or increasing something, in size, extent, scope, or number
Texas
In 1835 residents of Texas started a war to gain their independence from Mexico. One of the war’s most famous battles occurred at The Alamo, a simple chapel that formed part of a Spanish mission. A group of 187 Texan rebels retreated to The Alamo on February 23, 1836. The Mexicans laid siege to the chapel for 12 days, until March 6, when The Alamo finally fell.
Battle of The Alamo
In February 1836, 187 Texans under the command of Colonel William Barrett Travis held off 4000 Mexican troops led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna at a former Spanish mission called The Alamo. The adobe structure served as a fortress for the Texans, who were fighting to gain their independence from Mexico. The Mexican artillery eventually succeeded in punching a hole in The Alamo’s thick walls on March 6. In the savage hand-to-hand fighting that followed, all the Texans, including Davy Crockett and James Bowie, were killed.
Mexican War
A war between the United States and Mexico, lasting from 1846 to 1848. The war resulted in a U.S. victory and forced Mexico to give up all claims to half its national territory. Mexico had already lost control of its northeastern territory as a result of the Texas Revolution (1835-1836). This land, combined with the territory Mexico ceded at the end of the war, would form the future U.S. states of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah, as well as portions of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming.
What did this war do to Mexico?
Lost Land
Lost Soldiers
Lost Money on the war
Was shown to be weaker than the United States
What did this do to Mexico?
Mexico’s territorial losses signified the end of any likelihood that Mexico, rather than the United States, would become the predominant power in North America. As the first conflict in which U.S. military forces fought almost exclusively outside of the country, the Mexican War also marked the beginning of the rise of the United States as a global military power.
Wednesday, December 2, 2009
Aim: Why did Japan end its isolation?
Notes: Imperialism-seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country.
Modernization in Japan
Japan Ends Its Isolation
The Demand for Foreign Trade
• Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)—Japan opens two ports to American ships
• By 1860, Japan has trade agreements with many nations
Meiji Reform and Modernization
• Anger over these trade deals forces shogun to step down in 1867
• Meiji era—time of reform begun by Meiji emperor, Mutsuhito
• Meiji emperor reforms, modernizes using Western models
• By early 1900s, Japan has industrialized, is competitive with West
Imperial Japan Military Strength
• By 1890, Japan has strong navy and large army
• In 1894, Japan gets Western nations to give up special rights
Japan Attacks China
• Japan forces Korea to open three ports to Japanese trade in 1876
• In 1885, Japan and China agree not to send troops to Korea
• In 1894, China sends troops to put down rebellion in Korea
• Japan drives Chinese out of Korea, gains Chinese territory
Russo-Japanese War
• In 1903, Japan and Russia begin struggle over Manchuria
• Japan attacks Russia in 1904, launching Russo-Japanese War
• In 1905, treaty ends the war; Japan gains captured territories
Japanese Occupation of Korea
• Japan makes Korea a protectorate in 1905
• In 1910, Japan completes annexation of Korea
• Japan rules harshly in Korea, leading to growing Korean nationalism
Modernization in Japan
Japan Ends Its Isolation
The Demand for Foreign Trade
• Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)—Japan opens two ports to American ships
• By 1860, Japan has trade agreements with many nations
Meiji Reform and Modernization
• Anger over these trade deals forces shogun to step down in 1867
• Meiji era—time of reform begun by Meiji emperor, Mutsuhito
• Meiji emperor reforms, modernizes using Western models
• By early 1900s, Japan has industrialized, is competitive with West
Imperial Japan Military Strength
• By 1890, Japan has strong navy and large army
• In 1894, Japan gets Western nations to give up special rights
Japan Attacks China
• Japan forces Korea to open three ports to Japanese trade in 1876
• In 1885, Japan and China agree not to send troops to Korea
• In 1894, China sends troops to put down rebellion in Korea
• Japan drives Chinese out of Korea, gains Chinese territory
Russo-Japanese War
• In 1903, Japan and Russia begin struggle over Manchuria
• Japan attacks Russia in 1904, launching Russo-Japanese War
• In 1905, treaty ends the war; Japan gains captured territories
Japanese Occupation of Korea
• Japan makes Korea a protectorate in 1905
• In 1910, Japan completes annexation of Korea
• Japan rules harshly in Korea, leading to growing Korean nationalism
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
Aim: Why does China resist outside influence?
Imperialism-seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country.
China Resists Outside Influence
Western economic pressure forces China to open to foreign trade and influence.
China Resists Outside Influence
China and the West -Rejecting Western Goods
• In 1793, China rejects gifts brought by British ambassador
• China is strong politically because it is largely self-sufficient
-agriculture, mining, manufacturing sectors highly productive
The Tea-Opium Connection
• Guangzhou, southern port, is only port open to foreign trade
• China earns more from its exports than it spends on imports
• British smuggle opium (late 1700s); many Chinese become addicted
War Breaks Out
• In 1839, Opium War erupts—fight caused by opium trade
• China loses the war to more modern British navy
• Treaty of Nanjing (1842) gives British control of
Hong Kong
• In 1844, other nations win extraterritorial rights
• Rights mean foreigners exempt from laws at Guangzhou, other ports
Population Problems
• China’s population booms from 1790 to 1850
• Crop yields do not grow as fast, producing widespread hunger, unrest
The Taiping Rebellion
• In late 1830s, Hong Xiuquan recruits followers to build new China
• Taiping Rebellion—name given Hong’s movement; taiping—“great peace”
• In 1850s, Hong’s army grows large, captures large areas in southeast
• By 1864, rebellion defeated by internal fighting, outside attack
Foreign Influence Grows -Resistance to Change
• Dowager Empress Cixi rules China most years from 1862 to 1908
• Supports reforms aimed at education, government, military
• Otherwise prefers traditional ways
Other Nations Step In
• China suffers attacks from other nations; forced to grant more rights
• Europeans, Japan gain spheres of influence—areas of economic control
• U.S. declares Open Door Policy (1899)
-Chinese trade open to all nations
An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism
Growing Dissension
• Many Chinese resent growing power of outsiders, press for change
• In 1898, Emperor Guangxu enacts reforms; Cixi, restored, ends them
The Boxer Rebellion
• Anti-government, anti-European peasants form secret organization
• In 1900, they launch Boxer Rebellion—their campaign for reforms
• Rebels take Beijing, but foreign army defeats them, ending rebellion
• Though rebellion fails, Chinese nationalism surges
The Beginnings of Reform
• Cixi and other conservatives recognize necessity of reform
• In 1905, she sends officials abroad to study other governments
• In 1906, Cixi begins making reforms but they move slowly
• Unrest continues for four more decades
China Resists Outside Influence
Western economic pressure forces China to open to foreign trade and influence.
China Resists Outside Influence
China and the West -Rejecting Western Goods
• In 1793, China rejects gifts brought by British ambassador
• China is strong politically because it is largely self-sufficient
-agriculture, mining, manufacturing sectors highly productive
The Tea-Opium Connection
• Guangzhou, southern port, is only port open to foreign trade
• China earns more from its exports than it spends on imports
• British smuggle opium (late 1700s); many Chinese become addicted
War Breaks Out
• In 1839, Opium War erupts—fight caused by opium trade
• China loses the war to more modern British navy
• Treaty of Nanjing (1842) gives British control of
Hong Kong
• In 1844, other nations win extraterritorial rights
• Rights mean foreigners exempt from laws at Guangzhou, other ports
Population Problems
• China’s population booms from 1790 to 1850
• Crop yields do not grow as fast, producing widespread hunger, unrest
The Taiping Rebellion
• In late 1830s, Hong Xiuquan recruits followers to build new China
• Taiping Rebellion—name given Hong’s movement; taiping—“great peace”
• In 1850s, Hong’s army grows large, captures large areas in southeast
• By 1864, rebellion defeated by internal fighting, outside attack
Foreign Influence Grows -Resistance to Change
• Dowager Empress Cixi rules China most years from 1862 to 1908
• Supports reforms aimed at education, government, military
• Otherwise prefers traditional ways
Other Nations Step In
• China suffers attacks from other nations; forced to grant more rights
• Europeans, Japan gain spheres of influence—areas of economic control
• U.S. declares Open Door Policy (1899)
-Chinese trade open to all nations
An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism
Growing Dissension
• Many Chinese resent growing power of outsiders, press for change
• In 1898, Emperor Guangxu enacts reforms; Cixi, restored, ends them
The Boxer Rebellion
• Anti-government, anti-European peasants form secret organization
• In 1900, they launch Boxer Rebellion—their campaign for reforms
• Rebels take Beijing, but foreign army defeats them, ending rebellion
• Though rebellion fails, Chinese nationalism surges
The Beginnings of Reform
• Cixi and other conservatives recognize necessity of reform
• In 1905, she sends officials abroad to study other governments
• In 1906, Cixi begins making reforms but they move slowly
• Unrest continues for four more decades
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