HW# 2-2

What economic system would be easier for you to live under capitalism or communism? Please explain your answer giving examples in a few sentences.

Aim: Who was Karl Marx?

Do Now:1. What is Capitalism?

2. Who is Adam Smith?

Notes -The industrialization that begins in Great Britain spreads to other parts of the
world.

1. Industrialization in the United States
   • U.S. has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize
   • Samuel Slater, English textile worker, builds textile mill in U.S.
   • Lowell, Massachusetts a mechanized textile center by 1820
   • Manufacturing towns spring up around factories across the country
   • Young single women flock to factory towns, work in textile mills
   • Clothing, shoemaking industries soon mechanize
   
2. Later Expansion of U.S. Industry
   • Industrialization picks up during post-Civil War technology boom
   • Cities like Chicago expand rapidly due to location on railroad lines
   • Small companies merge to form larger, powerful companies
   
3. The Rise of Corporations
   • Stock—limited ownership rights for company, sold to raise money
   • Corporation—company owned by stockholders, share profits not debts
   • Large corporations attempt to control as much business as they can
   
4. Troubles in Continental Europe
   • Revolution and Napoleonic wars disrupted early 19th-century economy
   • Belgium has iron ore, coal, water transportation
   • British workers smuggle in machine plans, start companies (1799)
   
5. Germany Industrializes
   • Political, economic barriers; but industry, railroads boom by mid-century
   
6. Rise of Global Inequality
   • Wealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind
   • European nations, U.S., Japan exploit colonies for resources
   • Imperialism spreads due to need for raw materials, markets
   
7. Transformation of Society
   • Europe and U.S. gain economic power
   • African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture, crafts
   • Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, calls for social reform
   
8. The Philosophers of Industrialization
   Laissez-faire Economics
   • Laissez faire—economic policy of not interfering with businesses
   • Originates with Enlightenment economic philosophers
   • Adam Smith—defender of free markets, author of The Wealth of Nations
   • Believes economic liberty guarantees economic progress
   • Economic natural laws—self-interest, competition, supply and demand
   
   
9. The Economists of Capitalism
   • Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo boost laissez-faire capitalism
   • Capitalism—system of privately owned businesses seeking profits
   • Malthus thinks populations grow faster than food supply
   • Wars, epidemics kill off extra people or misery and poverty result
   • Ricardo envisions a permanent, poor underclass providing cheap labor
   
   
10. The Rise of Socialism
    Utilitarianism
    • Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism—judge things by their usefulness
    • John Stuart Mill favors regulation to help workers, spread wealth
    
    
11. Utopian Ideas
    • Robert Owen improves workers’ conditions, rents cheap housing
    • In 1824, Owen founds utopian community, New Harmony, Indiana
    
    
12. Socialism
    • Socialism—factors of production owned by, operated for the people
    • Socialists think government control can end poverty, bring equality
    
    
13. Marxism: Radical Socialism
    Marxism’s Prophets
    • Karl Marx—German journalist proposes a radical socialism, Marxism
    • Friedrich Engels—German whose father owns a Manchester textile mill
    
    
14. The Communist Manifesto
    • Marx and Engels believe society is divided into warring classes
    • Capitalism helps “haves,” the employers known as the bourgeoisie
    • Hurts “have-nots,” the workers known as the proletariat
    • Marx, Engels predict the workers will overthrow the owners
    
    
15. The Future According to Marx
    • Marx believes that capitalism will eventually destroy itself
    • Inequality would cause workers to revolt, seize factories and mills
    • Communism—society where people own, share the means of production
    • Marx’s ideas later take root in Russia, China, Cuba
    • Time has shown that society not controlled by economic forces alone
    
    
16. Unionization
    • Unions—associations formed by laborers to work for change
    • Unions negotiate for better pay, conditions with employers
    • Sometimes they strike—call a work stoppage—to pressure owners
    • Skilled workers are first to form unions
    • Movement in Britain, U.S. must fight for right to form unions
    • Union goals were higher wages, shorter hours, improved conditions
    
    
17. Reform Laws
    • British, U.S. laws passed to stop worst abuses of industrialization
    • 1842 Mines Act in Britain stops women, children working underground
    • In 1847, workday for women, children limited to 10 hours in Britain
    • U.S. ends child labor, sets maximum hours in 1904
    
    
18. The Reform Movement Spreads
    The Abolition of Slavery
    • In 1833, reformers help end slavery in British Empire
    • Slavery ends in U.S. in 1865; ends by 1888 in rest of Americas
    
    
19. The Fight for Women’s Rights
    • Women pursue economic and social rights as early as 1848
    • International Council for Women founded 1888; worldwide membership
    
    
20. Reforms Spread to Many Areas of Life
    • Reformers establish free public schools in Europe in late 1800s
    • Public schools common in U.S. by 1850s; prison reform also sought

HW #1-2

Who would have a better cell phone Karl Marx or Adam Smith? Please explain your answers in a few sentences. Please make sure you explain what type of cell phone each would have and why.

ESSAY PORTION OF EXAM

Aim: How did the Industrial Revolution spread?

Do Now: Please add Meiji Restoration to your vocabulary section.

Notes- The factory system changes the way people live and work, introducing a variety
of problems.

1. Factory Work
   • Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more expensive goods
   
2. Industrial Cities Rise
   • Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities
   • Growing population provides work force, market for factory goods
   • British industrial cities: London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool
   
3. Living Conditions
   • Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums
   • Life span in one large city is only 17 years
   • Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes
   • Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes, building codes
   • Cities also without adequate housing, education, police protection
   
4. Working Conditions
   • Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round
   • Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers
   • Many coal miners killed by coal dust
   
5. Class Tensions Grow
   The Middle Class
   • Middle class—skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, professionals
   • Emerging middle class looked down on by landowners, aristocrats
   • Middle class has comfortable standard of living
   
6. The Working Class
   • Laborers’ lives not improved; some laborers replaced by machines
   • Luddites, other groups destroy machinery that puts them out of work
   • Unemployment a serious problem; unemployed workers riot
   
   
7. Immediate Benefits
   • Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress
   • Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve
   • Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions
   
8. Long-Term Effects
   • Improved living and working conditions still evident today
   • Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements
   
9. Manchester and the Industrial Revolution
   • Manchester has labor, water power, nearby port at Liverpool
   • Poor live and work in unhealthy, even dangerous, environment
   • Business owners make profits by risking their own money on factories
   • Eventually, working class sees its standard of living rise some
   
10. Children in Manchester Factories
    • Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured
    • 1819 Factory Act restricts working age, hours
    • Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river
    • Nonetheless, Manchester produces consumer goods and creates wealth

MULTIPLE CHOICE AND DBQ SECTION OF EXAM

REVIEW FOR EXAM INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MEIJI RESTORATION

HW #12

Homework: Please write a one paragraph essay on the Meiji Restoration. The Meiji Restoration accelerated industrialization in Japan. How did it change the political, economic and social structure of Japan.

Outline for an One-Paragraph Essay
Introduction:
Thesis statement: _______________________________________________________
Body:
First Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence): ____________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
Second Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence): __________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Third Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence): ___________________________________
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Conclusion
Restate topic: ______________________________________________________________________

Aim: What was the Meiji Restoration?

Do Now:

1. What is Industrialization?

2. What is Modernization?

3. Why do countries modernize?

4. How do countries Modernize?

Notes:

1. The Meiji Restoration accelerated industrialization in Japan.
2. The Capital was moved from Kyoto to Toyko
3. Industrial growth
   The rapid industrialisation and modernisation of Japan both allowed and required a massive increase in production and infrastructure.
4. Production and Export from Japan increased from 1868 to 1913
   With industrialization came the demand for coal. There was dramatic rise in production of Coal in Japan in the Years from 1875 to 1913
   Coal was needed for two things: steamships and railroads.
   The Size of the Japanese Merchant Fleet in rose in the Years from 1873 to 1913
   Thousands of Miles of Train track were laid in Japan in years from 1872 to 1914
5. The education system was reformed after the French and later after the German system. Among those reforms was the introduction of compulsory education.
6. Military was increase and weapons were produced.
   

Aim: What is Industrialization?

Do Now: Describe the social classes in Britain.

Notes: Industrialization

1. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain with New Ways of Working
   • Industrial Revolution—greatly increases output of machine-made goods
   • Revolution begins in England in the middle 1700s
2. The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way
   • Enclosures—large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges
   • Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by village farmers
   • Enclosures allow experimentation with new agricultural methods
   • Crop rotation—switching crops each year to avoid depleting the soil
   • Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed, improve food supply
3. Why did the Industrial Revolution Began in England ?
   • Industrialization—move to machine production of goods
   • Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors
   • Expanding economy in Britain encourages investment
   • Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital
4. Inventions Spur Industrialization -Changes in the Textile Industry
   • Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies
   • Water frame uses water power to drive spinning wheels
   • Power loom, spinning mule speed up production, improve quality
   • Factories—buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing
   • Cotton gin boosts American cotton production to meet British demand
5. Improvements in Transportation -Watt’s Steam Engine
   • Need for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine
   • James Watt improves steam engine, financed by Matthew Boulton
   • Robert Fulton builds first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807
   • England’s water transport improved by system of canals
   • British roads are improved; companies operate them as toll roads
   • In 1804, Richard Trevithick builds first steam-driven locomotive
   • In 1825, George Stephenson builds world’s first railroad line
   • Entrepreneurs build railroad from Liverpool to Manchester
6. Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain
   • Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs
   • Cheaper transportation boosts many industries; people move to cities
7. Worldwide effects of Industrialization
   1. European and American investment in much of world
   2. massive immigration to Americas
   3. international development thanks to foreign investment
8. Social change as result of industrialization
   1. Working Class Life
   a. Radical change from Old Regime
   b. Urbanization
   c. The job
   · Very poor working conditions
   · Women large part of workforce (cheap labor)
   · Child labor also very common
   · The all-powerful overseer
   d. The Home
   · Urbanization of English society
   * Haphazard city planning
   * Tenements
   * Poor diet
   * Very short life expectancy

HW# 11

HOMEWORK:
Please find an article concerning labor relations in Great Britain or
child labor worldwide.
Sources should be print media and might include the Internet, news
magazines or newspapers.
Your event should be important to people traveling to the destination
or living there.
You should answer the Questions What, Who, When, Where, Why,
How?

PSAT AND 5K

AIM: HOW DO WE WRITE AN ESSAY?

Do Now: What is an Essay ?

Notes:
I. These simple steps will guide you through the essay writing process:
1. Decide on your topic . INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
2. Prepare an outline or diagram of your ideas. (Using one paragraph essay outline.)
3. Write your thesis statement . (an explanation of the topic or purpose of a research paper)
4. Write the body. (The meat of your essay.)
a. Write the main points.
b. Write the subpoints.
5. Write the introduction. (Introduce your idea and thesis statement)
6.Write the conclusion. (Restate your idea and thesis statement)

http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=little+britain&www_google_domain=www.google.com&hl=en&emb=1&aq=0&oq=little+brit#q=little%20britain%20vicky%20essay&hl=en&emb=1&start=0

Aim: So you think you have it BAD?

You are a 15-year-old living in England where the Industrial Revolution has
spurred the growth of thousands of factories. Cheap labor is in great demand.
Like millions of other teenagers, you do not go to school. Instead, you work in
a factory 6 days a week, 14 hours a day. The small pay you receive is needed to
help support your family. You trudge to work before dawn every day and work
until after sundown. Inside the workplace the air is hot and foul, and after
sunset it is so dark it is hard to see. Minding the machines is exhausting, dirty,
and dangerous.

DO NOW: 1. Would you attempt to change your working
conditions in the factory?
2. Would you join a union, go to school, or run away?

Notes:
1. Long hours: The sun may be shining through the windows as this child’s day begins, but it will have disappeared by the time his day ends.
2. Dangerous machines: Children usually worked in bare feet with no safety equipment among machines with many moving parts.
3. Hot temperatures and dust-filled air: Dust particles from thousands of bobbins cling to the clothing and hang in air heated by the machinery.

HW #10

Please answer questions-
1. Why did people flock to British cities and towns during the Industrial Revolution?
2. What social class expanded as a result of industrialization?
3. What were some negative effects of the rapid growth of Manchester?

Aim: What was life like in the Industrial Age? (1800-1914)

Do Now: What in your life was an industrial invention?

Notes-
United States, Japan joined the growing list of Industrializing countries. (Britain, France, Germany)

What
Steel
Chemicals (Dynamite)
Electricity
Interchangeable parts
Dynamo (electric generator)
Assembly Line
Railroads expanded
Internal Combustion engine
Air flight (1903)
Telegraph
Telephone
Radio
Corporations

Who
Henry Bessemer
Alfred Noble
Ben Franklin, Alessandro Volta

Michael Faraday
Henry Ford

Nicolas Otto (ICE)
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Alfred Morse
Alexander Graham Bell
Guglielmo Marconi
Many Inventors (Corp)

HW #9

1. . What were four factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain?
2. . How did rising population help the Industrial Revolution?
3. What American invention aided the British textile industry?
4. Was the revolution in agriculture necessary to the industrial Revolution? Explain?

Please define and add Industrial Revolution, industrialization, factors of production, and Economics to your vocabulary section.

Exam Essay